YS% ,xldj ;=<
wd.usl” jdrA.sl” ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc ixysoZshdj ioZyd
iu.sh ms<snoZ mk;

Oj, m;%sldjla

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjdoS ckrcfha
mdrA,sfuzka;=fjz l:dkdhl

.re lrE chiQrsh ue;s;=ud fj;

jrAI fooyia oykjhla jQ cQ,s ui oykj jk osk

bosrsm;a lrk ,o j.hs’

isx.mamQrefjz wd.usl iu.sh mj;ajdf.k hdu ms<snoZ mk;
weiqrsks’
^167w wOsldrh&

^uq,a m%{ma;sh( 1990 wxl 26 ork mk;
m%;sfYdaOk ixialrKh ( 2001 cQ,s ui 31 jk osk&

YS% ,xldj ;=<
wd.usl” jdrA.sl” ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc ixysosZhdj ioZyd
iu.sh ms<snoZ mk;

mrsorAYkh

fuu Oj, m;s%ldj" YS% ,xldfjz isjz jeoEreuz ck lKavdhuz ksfhdackh lruska fm!oa.,sl iy jHdmdrsl wxYfha fukau jsoaj;a iy jD;a;Suh lafIa;%fha kshe,s YS% ,dxlslhkaf.ka iukajs; jk isjs,a iudcfha iajdOSk wdh;khla jsiska fhdackd lrkq ,efnz’

mrudrA:h

"bjis,sjka; iudchla mj;ajdf.k hdu msKsi” ta iudch fkdbjis,sjka; njska fkdbjis,sjka; jsh hq;=h’"
ld,a fmdmrA” fkdbjis,sjka;Ndjh ms<snoZ iuzu;hg jsreoaO lshuk

YS% ,xldfjz ishMZu wd.usl” ckjdrA.sl” jdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc lKavdhuz w;r wka;rA- ckjdrA.sl” wka;rA-ixialD;sl iy wka;rA-wd.usl iu.sh iy wjfndaO;dj wNsjrAOkh fldg fmdaIKh lsrSu msKsi iy YS% ,xldfjz jsjsO wd.usl” ckjdrA.sl” jdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc lKavdhuz w;r mius;=reNdjh” ffjrh" fl%daOh fyda tosrsjdoslu ms<snoZ ye.SZuz we;slsrSu je<elajSu msKsih’

Wkkaoqjla olajk mdrAYjlrejka jkafka

ishMZu YS% ,dxlsl mqrjeishkah’

YS% ,xldj ;=<
wd.usl” jdrA.sl” ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc ixysosZhdj ioZyd
iu.sh ms<snoZ mk;

isjzjk m%;sfYdaOkh ( 2019 cQ,s ui 03 jk osk

I jk fldgi

iudruzNh

j.ka;sh

  • idrdxYh iy m%ia;djkdj

    • 1' ,qyqvq kduh iy wrA: ksrEmKh

    II jk fldgi

    iu.sh ms<snoZ iNdj msysgqjSu

  • 2' iNdj msysgqjSu
  • 3' iNdfjz lghq;=
  • 4' idudcsl jkaos f.jSu
  • 5' ryiHNdjh

    • III jk fldgi

    ;ykuz ksfhda.]

  • 6' ;ykuz ksfhda.
  • 7' oKavk

    • IV jk fldgi

    m%ldYk

  • 8' m%ldYk
  • 9' udOH fr.=,dis
  • 10' kS;sm;sjrhdf.a tl.Z;dj
  • 11' mk; hgf;a ;SrK idOdrKSlrKh fkdjSu
  • 12' ksfhda.

    • m%ia;djkdj

    2019 wfm%a,a ui 21 jk mdial= breosk isoqjQ w;sYh nsysiqKq iy fYdapkSh jQ w;aoelSuz iuqodhla /.;a fndauzn m%ydrhg miqj YS% ,xldfjz jdrA.sl wiu.sfha fkdikaiqkaldrS m%jk;djg jsioZquz fijSu msKsi yosis wjYH;djla u;= jS we;’ ffjrh” mius;=reNdjh iy torsjdoSlu jHdma; jSu;a iu.Zu urKh" m%pKav;ajh” fldamh” wjsYajdih iy NS;sh we;sjSug fya;= jS we;s w;r” tu ;;a;ajh wmf.a rg fNao nskak jSulg ,lafjuska wmf.a wdrA:slhg ydks isoqlr we;’ furg iy furfgys wkd.; mruzmrdj iuzmqrAKfhkau .%yKh lr.ekSug fufyh jk fujeks yqoq ;djld,sl jrAOkhka uev,Sfuz m%h;akfha oS" fujeks wd.usl” jdrA.sl” ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc wiu.sh lsisoq jsgl fkdbjik njg iy fujeks wiu.shla ksrAudKh lsrsu wrnhd ilS%h N+usldjl ksr; jk iy tjekaklg fmd<Ujk ;eke;a;kag ydkslr m%;jsmdl ckkh jk njg wjOdrKfhka m%ldY lsrSu b;d jeo.;a fjz’

    fuys oS" mek ke.sh yels m<uq jk .egMZj jkafka fuu wjia:dkq.; ldrKh jsioZSug kS;sh m%udKj;a fkdjkafka o hkakhs’

    2007 wxl 56 ork isjs,a yd foaYmd,k whs;sjdisluz ms<snoZ cd;Hka;r iuzuq;sh ^whs’ iS’ iS’ mS’ wdrA'& mkf;ka" fjk;a lreKq w;r" lsisu ;eke;af;l= jsiska hqoaOh me;srjSu fyda fjkia f,i ie,lSug" tosrsjdosluzj,g fyda m%pKav ls%hdj,g fhduq lsrSu ixhqla; jk cd;sl" jdrA.sl fyda wd.usl ffjrh ioZyd fm<UjSu fkdl< hq;= njg olajd ;sfnz’ fuu jsOsjsOdkh W,aa,x>Kh lr we;s njg ;SrKh lrkq ,nk ;eke;af;l= uydOslrKh jsiska jrolre lrkq ,enSfuz oS" nrm;< jev we;sj wjqreoq oyhlg jevs fkdjk ld,hla ioZyd nkaOkd.dr.; lrkq ,ensh hq;=h’

    irAj idOdrK;ajhg we;s whs;sjdislu wmf.a wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka o wdrlaId lr ;sfnz’ lsisu mqrjeishl= jrA.h” wd.u” NdIdj” l=,h” ia;S% mqreINdjh" foaYmd,k u;h fyda Wmka ia:dkh hk fya;= u; fjkialulg fyda jsfYaIhlg fyda Ndckh fkdjsh hq;= njg wKavql%u jHjia:dfjz 12^2& jk jHjia:dfjka jsOsjsOdk i,id ;sfnz’ fuu jHjia:dj tf,iska mej;sh o” YS% ,xldfjz iu.sh hk ud;Dldj ms<snoZj jsfYaIfhka ioZyka jk kS;shla fkd;sfnk nj wmf.a u;h fjz’ tluq;=lu iy bjiSu ms<snoZ ixl,am ish,qu mqrjeishka ;=< ffkirA.sl jsh hq;= jqj o" tjeks ;;a;ajhlaa jrA;udk iudc ikaorANh ;=< fkdue;sjSu wjdikdjla jk w;r” tnejska" ffjrh iy fkbjis,sjka;Ndjh huz ljru jQ wjia:dkq.; ;;a;ajhla hgf;a jQj o” ms<sfkd.kakd nj ;yjqre lrk ffk;sl rduqjla ia:dms; fldg we;s lsrSSu wksjdrAh jk nj meyeos,sju ioZyka lsrSug wms fm<US isgskafkuq’

    §jsjsO wd.usl" jdrA.sl" ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc lKavdhuz w;r mius;=reNdjh” ffjrh” fl%daOh fyda torsjdoslu ms<snoZ ye.ZSuz we;slsrSu¶ jrola jYfhka ioZyka jk kS;shla jrA;udkfha YS% ,xldj ;=< fkdue;’

    ;j o” iu.sh ms<snoZ mk; tlS isjs,a yd foaYmd,k whs;sjdisluz ms<snoZ cd;Hka;r iuzuq;sh ^whs’ iS’ iS’ mS’ wdrA'& mk;ska fjfiid oelajsh yelsh' ukao” iu.sh ms<snoZ mkf;ka iu.sh ms<snoZ iNdjla msysgqjSug wfmalaId lrk w;r” tlS iNdj" mk; hgf;a W,a,x>Kh lsrSuz ;SrKh lsrSu msKsi iajdOSk wdh;khla ^YS% ,xldfjz wdKavql%u jHjia:d iNdj jsiska ksrAfoaY lrk mqoa.,hkaf.ka ixhqla; jk"& jYfhka lghq;= lrkq ,efnz’

    jrA;udk iudc ikaorANh ;=< tosrsjdoS NdIKh iy jrA.jdoh fjz.fhka jHdma; jk m%;sudkhla njg m;a jS we;s w;r” tnejska" tosrsjdoS NdIKfha oS fkdbjis,sjka;Ndjh iy jrA.jdoh kS;sfhka iqrlaIs; fkdlrkafkah hk meyeos,s mKsjqvh iu.sh ms<snoZ mk; yoZqkajdoSu;a iu.Zu m%p,s; jk njg wms jsYajdi lrkafkuq’

    w;sYhskau nrm;< ydks fuz jk jsg;a isoqjS we;s w;r” fmdoqfjz .;ajsg" uE;ld,Sk isoqjSuz ud,dj ksid furfgz wdrA:slh flfrys fukau YS% ,dxlsl iuia; iudc jHqyh iuznkaOfhka o isoqjS we;s nrm;< m%;sjsmdlh lsisfjl=g;a m%;slafIam l< fkdyelsh’ fuu wjia:dkq.; lreKq wkqj" iu.sh ms<snoZ mk;la mekjSu wm fjkqfjka iy u;=jg nsysjk wkd.; mrmqr fjkqfjka wmf.a rg h<s tlai;a fldg ijsn, .ekajSu msKsi fkd wkqudkju bosrs mshjrla jk njg wms ;rfhau jsYajdi lrkafkuq’

    YS% ,xldj ;=<
    wd.usl” jdrA.sl” ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc ixysosZhdj ioZyd
    iu.sh ms<snoZ mk;

    I jk fldgi

    idrdxYh

    wd.usl“ jdrA.sl” ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc ixysoZshdj ioZyd iy ikaksfjzokfha oS iy ish,qu wdldrfha m%ldYkfha oS ffjrh ixisoZqjSu ioZyd jsOsjsOdk i,ik mk;ls’

    ,qyqvq kduh

    fuu mk; YS% ,xldfjz iu.sh ms<snoZ mk; jYfhka ioZyka lrkq ,efnz’

    wrA: kssrEmKh

    fuu mkf;a we;euz ;ekl oS wkHdldrfhka kshu lrkafka kuz usi” fuu mkf;ka"

    §iNdj¶ hkafkka wd.usl” jdrA.sl“ ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc ixysoZshdj ioZyd jk cd;sl iu.sh ms<snoZ iNdj woyia fjz’

    §m%ldYkh¶ hkakg huz ljru jQ mqj;a ,smshla“ crAk,hla“ jdr i.Zdrdjla" fmd;la” ps;%mgshla" jSvsfhda mgs.;lsrSula" Y%jH mgs.;lsrSula fyda huz m%;srEmhla" wdlD;shla" yevhla fyda Ynzohla fyda huz fjk;a wdldrhlska jpk fyda woyia fhdackd l< yels huz ljru jQ Y%jH fyda oDIH ms<snsUq lsrSula we;=<;a huz ljru jQ ,sLs;" mska;+ruh" Y%jH fyda uqo%s; o%jHhla we;=<;a fjz’

    §wd.usl wdh;kh¶ hkakg huz mkai,la“ m,a,shla" wdik fojzueoqrla” Wmfojzueoqrla” isoaOia:dkhla“ uqia,suz m,a,shla” fldajs,la fyda wd.usl jeoZquz msoquz lrk fyda wd.usl prAhdjka mqreoq mqyqKq lrk huz fjk;a ia:dkhla woyia fjz’

    §wd.usl lKavdhuz”¶ hkakg"

  • w& huz wd.ula fyda wd.usl jeoqZuz msoZquz lghq;a;la m%.=K lsrSfuz fyda huz wd.usl lghq;= iuznkaOfhka ls%hd lsrSfuz fyda huz wd.usl jsYajdihlaa mqreoq mqyqKq lsrSfuz" mj;ajdf.k hdfuz" b.ekajSfuz fyda me;srjSfuz ldrAh ioZyd 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.uz mk; hgf;a fyda huz fjk;a ,sLs; kSs;shla hgf;a h:d mrsos ixia:d.; lrk ,o iud.ula fyda ixia:djla· iy
  • wd& huz wd.ula fyda wd.usl jeoqZuz msoZquz lghq;a;la m%.=K lsrSfuz fyda huz wd.usl jsYajdihlaa mqreoq mqyqKq lsrSfuz" mj;ajdf.k hdfuz" b.ekajSfuz fyda me;srjSfuz mrudrA:fhka hqla;j 1891 wxl 16 ork iudc wd{dmk; hgf;a ix.uhla jYfhka ,shdmosxps l< fyda fkdl< mqoa., lKavdhula we;=<;a fjz’
  • §ckdOsm;sjrhd¶ hkafkka YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjdoS ckrcfha ckdOsm;sjrhd woyia fjz’
    §w.ue;sjrhd¶ hkafkka YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjdoS ckrcfha w.ue;sjrhd woyia fjz’

    • II jk fldgi

    wd.usl” jdrA.sl” ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc ixysoZshdj ioZyd iu.sh ms<snoZ
    iNdj msysgqjSu’

    iNdj msysgqjSu’

    2'

  • (i) wd.usl” jdrA.sl” ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc ixysoZshdj ioZyd jk cd;sl iu.sh ms<snoZ iNdjla mej;sh hq;= w;r” th” iNdm;sjrfhl=f.ka iy ;j;a idudcslhka 06 lg fkdwvq iy 10 lg fkdjevs ;eke;a;ka msrsilf.ka iukajs; jsh hq;=h’
  • (ii) iNdjg ;eke;a;ka f;dard m;alsrSu ioZyd bosrsm;a lrk kdu fhdackd YS% ,xldfjz jHjia:dodhl iNdj fj; NdroSu l< hq;=h’ kdu fhdackd" isjs,a iudcfha ishMZu m%cdjkaf.ka iy ckjdrA.sl” wd.usl” jdrA.sl lKavdhuzj,ska iy foaYmd,k mlaIj,ska Ndr.; yelsh’ iNdfjz idudcslhka ia;%S mqreI fNaohlska f;dr jsh hq;=h’ iNdjg iNdm;sjrhd iy idudcslhka f;dard m;alsrSu iuznkaO ldrKdj, oS jHjia:dodhl iNdfjz ;SrK wjidkd;aul jsh hq;=h’
  • (iii) iNdfjz idudcslhkaf.ka ;=fkka follg wvq fkdjk idudcslhka msrsila YS% ,xldfjz m%Odk wd.uzj, ksfhdacs;hka jsh hq;= jk w;r” fiiq idudcslhka" YS% ,xldfjz jHjia:dodhl iNdfjz u;h wkqj” YS% ,xldfjz rdcH wxYh ;=<” fm!oa.,sl wxYh ;=< fyda YS% ,xldfjz udkjys;jdoS lafIa;%h ;=< jsYsIag;djla ysuslr.;a ;eke;a;ka jsh hq;=h’
  • (iv) idudcslhka tfldf<dia fofkl=f.ka iukajs; iNdj my; ioZyka mrsos ksfhdackh jsh hq;=h’
  • w& YS% ,xldfjz fn!oaO m%cdj ksfhdackh lrk" YS% ,xldfjz fyda jsfoaY rgl ms<s.;a jsYaj jsoHd,hlska foajOrAu jsoHd wOHhkh ms<snoZj Ydia;%fjzoS WmdOshla oskd.;a" tla idudcslhl=·
  • wd& YS% ,xldfjz yskaoq m%cdj ksfhdackh lrk" YS% ,xldfjz fyda jsfoaY rgl ms<s.;a jsYaj jsoHd,hlska foajOrAu jsoHd wOHhkh ms<snoZj Ydia;%fjzoS WmdOshla oskd.;a" tla idudcslhl=·
  • we& YS% ,xldfjz uqia,suz m%cdj ksfhdackh lrk" YS% ,xldfjz fyda jsfoaY rgl ms<s.;a jsYaj jsoHd,hlska foajOrAu jsoHd wOHhkh ms<snoZj Ydia;%fjzoS WmdOshla oskd.;a" tla idudcslhl=·
  • wE& YS% ,xldfjz lf;da,sl m%cdj ksfhdackh lrk" YS% ,xldfjz fyda jsfoaY rgl ms<s.;a jsYaj jsoHd,hlska foajOrAu jsoHd wOHhkh ms<snoZj Ydia;%fjzoS WmdOshla oskd.;a" tla idudcslhl=·
  • b& YS% ,xldfjz fY%aIaGdOslrKfha tla jsksYaphldrjrhl=·
  • B& YS% ,xld fmd,sia fiajfha jsY%du,;a fmd,sia ks,Odrsfhl=· ^fcHIaG fmd,sia wOsldrsjrfhl+ fyda Bg by, ;k;=rla oerE ks,Odrsfhl=&
  • W& jsY%du,;a isjs,a fiajlfhl=· ^wud;HdxYhl$cd;sl ugzgfuz wdh;khl f,aluzjrhl=f.a$iNdm;sjrhl=f.a ;;a;ajfhka Oqrh oerE ks,Odrsfhl=&
  • W!& jHdmdrsl kdhlfhl=· ^lrAudka; - cd;sl jdksc uKav,hl fyda wOsldrshl ;k;=rla oerE ;eke;af;l=&
  • t& jHdmdrsl kdhlfhl=· ^jHjidhl - cd;sl jdksc uKav,hl fyda wOsldrshl ;k;=rla oruska isgsk$oerE ;eke;af;l=&
  • ta& ;reK ksfhdacs;fhl=· ^jhi wjqreoq 25 - 30 w;r miqjk ;eke;af;l=&
  • T& YS% ,xldfjz jsYaj jsoHd,hl Wml=,m;sjrhl=·
  • (v) iNdfjz iNdm;sjrhd iy iEu idudcslfhl=u ckdOsm;sjrhd jsiska YS% ,xldfjz jHdjia:dodhl iNdfjz ksrAfoaY jsuid" m;al< hq;= w;r” jir tll ld,iSudjla Oqrh oersh hq;=h’ tfia m;ajk ishMZu ;eke;a;ka kej; m;alsrSu ioZyd o iqoqiqluz ,nhs’ iNdfjz iNdm;sjrhd iy idudcslhka YS% ,xldfjz ishMZu wd.uz iy cd;Ska iudkj iy idOdrKj ksfhdackh l< hq;=h’
  • (vi) ckdOsm;sjrhd" YS% ,xldfjz jHjia:dodhl iNdj jsuiSfuka miqj" iNdfjz iNdm;sjrhd fyda huz idudcslfhl=f.a m;ajSu TzkEu wjia:djl wj,x.= l< yels w;r” jHjia:dodhl iNdfjz Wmfoia u;" huz ljru jQ fya;=jla ksid iNdj ;=< we;sjsh yels huz wdkqIx.sl mqrmamdvqjla msrjSu msKsi huz ;eke;a;l= m;al< yelsh’
  • (vii) huz ;eke;af;l= Tyq$weh YS% ,xldfjz jHjia:dodhl iNdfjz Wmfoia fyda ksrAfoaYj,g tl.Z fkdjk wjia:djl oS" ckdOsm;sjrhd jsiska tjeks huz ;eke;af;l= iNdfjz iNdm;sjrhd jYfhka fyda idudcslfhl= jYfhka m;alsrSu m%;slafIam lsrSu ^fyda wj,x.= lsrSu& l< yelsh’
  • (viii) huz ;eke;af;l= Tyq$weh (
  • w& YS% ,xldfjz mqrjeisfhl= fkdjk jsgl oS·
  • wd& jhi wjqreoq 35g fkd wvq ;eke;af;l= jk jsgl oS· ^(iv) ta Wmj.ka;sh yer"&
  • we&(ix) jk Wmj.ka;sfha jsOsjsOdk i,id we;s huz kqiqoqiqulg Ndckh jS we;s jsgl oS·
  • iNdfjz idudcslfhl= jYfhka m;alsrSug iqoqiqluz fkd,ensh hq;=h’
  • (ix) huz ;eke;af;l= (
  • w& YS% ,xldfjz n,d;aulj mj;sk huz kS;shla hgf;a udkisl jYfhka fn,ySk;djlska fmf<k njg yoZqkdf.k fyda m%ldYlr ;sfnk jsgl oS·
  • wd& nqkaj;aNdjhg meusKSu fyda ksoyia fkdl< nxfldf,d;alrefjl= njg m;a jQ jsgl jsgl oS·
  • we& YS% ,xldfjz wOslrKhla jsiska fyda jsfoaY rgl wOslrKhla jsiska wmrdO jrolg jrolre lr ;sfnk jsgl oS·
  • wE& iafjzpzcdfjkau huz jsfoaY rgl mqrjeisNdjh ,ndf.k ;sfnk fyda huz jsfoaY rgl mqrjeisNdjfha whs;sjdisluz ls%hd;aul lr ;sfnk fyda jsfoaY rglg mlaImd;S;ajh m%ldY lr ;sfnk jsgl oS·
  • bZ& huz ljru jQ wdldrhl$iajNdjhl jdrA.sl iy wd.usl wka;jdoh me;srjSu lruska isgsk njg$me;srjSu lr we;s njg lsisu wjia:djl ;SrKh lr ;sfnk jsgl oS·
  • B& jsfoaY rgl mqrjeishl= jk jsgl oS·
  • iNdfjz idudcslfhl= jYfhka m;alsrSug iqoqiqluz fkd,ensh hq;=h’
  • (x)huz idudcslfhl=(
  • w& Tyq$weh YS% ,xldfjz mqrjeisfhl= jSu k;r jQ wjia:djl oS fyda fjk;a rgl o mqrjeisfhl= njg m;a jQ wjia:djl oS·
  • wd& Tyq$weh” Tyqf.a$wehf.a ;k;=rska b,a,d wiajk njg Tyqf.a$wehf.a w;aikska iNdm;sjrhd fj; ,smshla NdroSu lrk wjia:djl oS·
  • we& Tyq$weh by; (ix) jk Wmj.ka;sfha jsOsjsOdk i,id we;s huz kqiqoqiqulg Ndckh jS we;s wjia:djl oS·
  • ish ;k;=r w;ayer hd hq;=h’

    • iNdfjz ldrAhhka

    3'

  • (i) iNdfjz ldrAhhkaj,g (
    1. w& w.%dud;Hjrhd fyda mdrA,sfuzka;=j jsiska iNdjg fhduq lrk YS% ,xldfjz jdrA.sl iy wd.usl iu.sh mj;ajdf.k hdug n,mEuz lrk ldrKdjka i,ld n,d w.%dud;Hjrhd fj; jdrA;d lsrSu· iy
    2. wd& 6 jk j.ka;sfha (i) jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,ensh hq;= ksfhda. ms<snoZj i,ld n,d” w.%dud;Hjrhd fj; ksrAfoaY bosrsm;a lsrSu ·
  • we;=
  • (x) iNdfjz wkq.duS /iajSuz ;=klg meusKSu meyer yrsk huz idudcslfhl= iNdfjz ;joqrg;a idudcslfhl= jYfhka Oqrh oerSu k;r jsh hq;=hs' iNdfjz we;sjk tjeks mqrmamdvq u; mqrjk ishMZu ;k;=re yels;dla blaukska msrjSu isoq l< hq;= w;r" tmrsos m;ajSu ,nk ;eke;a;d iNdfjz b;srs j,x.= ld,h ioZyd fiajh l< hq;=h'

    • 'idudcsl jkaos f.jSu'

    4'

  • (i) iNdfjz iEu idudcslfhl=u fyda ks,Odrsfhl=u fuu mkf;a ldrAh ioZyd oKav kS;s ix.%yfha wrA:dkql+,j rcfha fiajlfhl= jsh hq;=h'
  • (ii) iNdfjz huz idudcslfhl= fyda ks,Odrsfhl= ioaNdjfhka hqla;j iy iNdfjz n,;, iy ldrAh bgqlsrSfuz oS lrk lsisjla Tyqg$wehg huz kvqlrhla fyda kvq lghq;a;la mejrSug fya;= fkdjsh hq;=h'

    • ryiHNdjh

    5'

  • (i) 8 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a i,id we;s jsOsjsOdk yer” iNdfjz /iajSuz lghq;= ryis.;j mej;ajsh hq;=h'
  • (ii) iNdfjz huz idudcslfhl=" iNdfjz /iajSuzj, lghq;= yd iuznkaO huz ljru jq ldrKhla fyda l%shdjla" Tyqg fyda wehg w.%dud;Hjrhd jsiska ;;aldrAh bgq lsrSu msKsi ,shjs,a,lska m%ldYs;ju n,h mjrd we;akuz usi" ckdOsm;sjrhdg" w.%dud;Hjrhdg" iNdfjz f,aluzjrhdg fyda iNdfjz huz ljru jq idudcslfhl=g yer” huz fjk;a ;eke;af;l=g wkdjrKh lsrSu iy t<sorjz lsrSu fkdl< hq;=h'

    • III jk fldgi'

    ;ykuz ksfhda.

    6'

  • (i) wd.%dud;Hjrhd jsiska (ii) jk Wmj.ka;sfha ldrAh ioZyd huz mqrjeisfhl=g ks,Orfhl=g" mqclfhl=g" foaj.e;sjrfhl=g" NslaIqjlg" buduzjrfhl=g" h;sjrfhl=g" ix.uhl ks,Orfhl=g fyda huz rdcH fyda fm!oa.,sl wdh;khl" ixjsOdkhl" jHdmdrhl wd.usl lKavdhul n,fha isgsk ;eke;af;l=g fyda tjeks wdh;khl idudcslfhl=g tfrysj· ta ;eke;a;d fyda ;eke;a;ka my; ioZyka huz ls%hdjla tkuz -
    • w& jsjsO wd.usl" jdrA.sl" ckdjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc lKavdhuz w;r mius;=r Ndjh" ffjrh" fl%daOh iy tosrsjdoslu ms<snoZ ye.ZSuz we;slsrSu msKsi"
    • wd& huz wd.usl jsYajdihla" ;reK n,jka;lrKhla fyda m%cdj f.dvke.Sfuz jHdmdrhla me;srjSu fyda ls%hdjg ke.ZSula uqjdfjka huz lvdlmam,aldrs ls%hdjla lsrsug lghq;= ie,eiajSu msKsi" lghq;= lr we;s njg fyda lghq;= lsrSug ;e;a lruska isgsk njg wd.%dud;Hjrhd iEySug m;ajk jsgl oS" iy 3(i) wd& j.ka;sh m%ldrj iNdj jsiska lrk ksrAfoaYj,ska miqj muKla jdrK ksfhda.hla ksl=;a l< yelsh'
  • (ii)(i) jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a lrk ksfhda.hla" tlS Wmj.ka;sfha kuz lr we;s ;eke;af;l=g tfrysj my; ioZyka wruqKq ioZyd isoql< yelsh'
    • w& 6 jk j.ka;sfha (i) jk Wmj.ka;sfha ioZyka huz ls%hdjla isoqlruska isgsk njg" isoqlsrSug ie,iquz lruska isgsk njg fyda huz tjeks ls%hdjla isoqlsrSug u;hka m;=rjuska isgsk njg fmkShk tlS Wmj.ka;sfha ioZyka wd.usl" rdcH" isjs,a fyda fm!oa.,sl lKavdhula" wdh;khla" ixjsOdkhla fyda jHdmdrhla fm<UjSfuka wkqn, oSfuka fyda osrsu;a lsrSfuka huz ;eke;af;l= je<elajSu·
    • wd& 6 jk j.ka;sfha (i) jk Wmj.ka;sfha ioZyka huz ls%hdjla isoqlruska isgsk njg" isoqlsrSug ie,iquz lruska isgsk njg fyda huz tjeks ls%hdjla isoqlsrSug u;hka m;=rjuska isgsk njg fmkShk tlS Wmj.ka;sfha ioZyka fkdjk huz ;eke;af;l= je<elajSu·
    • we& wd.%dud;Hjrhdf.ka l,ska ,nd.kakd ,sLs; wjirhlska f;drj ksfhda.hl ioZyka jsh yels mrsos" huz jsIhla" ud;Dldjla fyda f;audjla ms<snoZj tla/ia jQ msrsila" uSiuz jeishka" ne;su;=ka lKavdhula" wd.usl lKavdhul idudcslhka fyda wdh;khla jdpslj fyda ,sLs;j weu;Sfuka Tyq$weh je<elajSu·
    • wE& huz wd.usl lKavdhula jsiska bosrsm;a lrk huz m%ldYkhla wd.%dud;Hjrhdf.ka l,ska ,nd.kakd ,sLs; wjirhlska f;drj uqo%Kh lsrSfuka" m<lsrSfuka" ixialrKh lsrSfuka" fnod yerSfuka fyda huz ljru jQ wdldrhlg iyh jSfuka fyda odhl jSfuka Tyq$weh je<elajSu·
    • b& huz wd.usl lKavdhula jsiska bosrsm;a lrk huz m%ldYkhla iuznkaO ixialrK uKav,hl" m%ldYk lusgqjl" w.%dud;Hjrhdf.ka l,ska ,nd.kakd ,sLs; wjirhlska f;drj" ;k;=rla oerSfuka Tyq$weh je<elajSu·

    oKavk

    7'

  • (i) iNdjg” iNdfjz wNsu;h mrsos iy YS% ,xldfjz iu.sh ms<snoZ mk; u.ska iNdj fj; mjrk n,;, m%ldrj uyck hym; ksfhdackh lrk wd.usl" jdrA.sl" ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc lKavdhuzj,ska fyda ;ks mqoa.,Ndjh hk moku hgf;a fm!oa.,sl mqrjeishkaf.ka meusKs,s ,enSfuka miqj” YS% ,xldfjz oKav kS;s ix.%yhg wkql+,j ffk;sl ls%hdudrA.$oKavk ms<snoZj w.%du;Hjrhdg Wmfoia oSug n,h mejrsh yelsh'
  • (ii) w.%dud;Hjrhd iNdfjz ksrAfoaY u; ls%hd lsrSu meh 48la fkdblaujk ld,iSudjla ;=< meyer yrskq ,enqjfyd;a fyda tfia ls%hd lsrSug fkdyels jqjfyd;a” iNdjg” ish wNsu;h mrsos iy YS% ,xldfjz iu.sh ms<snoZ mk; u.sZka iNdjg mejfrk n,;, u.sZka” YS% ,xldfjz kS;sm;sjrhd” YS% ,xldfjz fmd,siam;sjrhd” fmd,sia n,ldh iy wdrlaIl ldrAh uKav,fha m%Odks hk whf.a yjq,aldrs;ajh iys;j iajdOSkj ls%hd lsrSug n,;, mejrsh yelsh'

    • IV jk fldgi

    m%ldYkh

  • 8' 6 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a lrk ksfhda.hla m%;HdosIaG lsrSu" fjkia lsrSu" oSrA> lsrSu fyda ia:sr lsrSu ioZyd fyda iNdfjz huz ksrAfoaY mdrA,sfuzka;= .eigz m;%fha m<lsrSu ioZyd w.%dud;Hjrhd jsiska lghq;= ie,iajsh hq;=h'

    • udOH fr.=,dis'

    9'

  • (i) wd.usl" jdrA.sl" ckjdrA.sl iy isjs,a iudc ixysoshdj ioZyd jk iu.Zsh ms<snoZ mk; iy iNdj jsiska(
  • w& th” YS% ,xldfjz udOH wdpdr OrAu iy fr.=,dis mk;g weuqKqula jYfhka ixhqla; l< hq;=h'*
  • wd& rEmjdysksh" flan," ps;%mg" .=jka jsoq,sh" uqo%K" vscsg,a" iudc udOH iy Bg wod, lreKqj,g iSud fkdjk kuq;a" tajd o we;=MZj huz ljru jq$ishMZu udOH iuznkaO Wmdx. ixjrAOkh lsrSu" m<lsrSu" jsldYkh lsrSu" us,os .ekSu" ixl,amSlrKh iy ksIamdokh" hkdosfhys ksr; udOH wdh;k" ixjsOdk iy iud.uz iu.Z iuSm yjq,aldrSs;ajfhka lghq;= l< hq;=h’

    • kS;sm;sjrhdf.a tl.Z;dj'

  • 10' kS;sm;sjrhdf.a tl.Z;djhla we;akuz usi" fuu mk; hgf;a lsisoq wOslrKhla jrola iuznkaOfhka kvq jsNd. meje;ajSu fkdl< hq;=h'

    • mk; hgf;a ;SrK idOdrKSlrKh fkdjSu

  • 11' fuu mk; hgf;a wd.%dud;Hjrhd jsiska lrk ishMZu ;SrK iy iNdj jsiska lrk ksrAfoaY wjidkd;aul jsh hq;= jk w;r" tajd lsisoq wOslrKhla yuqfjz m%Yak lssrsu fkdl< hq;=h'

    • kssfhda.

    12'

  • (i) mkf;a (iii) jk Wmj.ka;sfha 3 jk j.ka;shg wkqj” iNdfjz ldrAh mgsmdgsh jsOsu;a lsrSu msKsi idOk rS;s” iNdj jsiska YS% ,xldjz jHjia:dOdhl iNdj jsuid” flgquzm;a lrkq ,efnz’ iNdfjz ldrAh mgsmdgsh jsOsu;a lsrSu msKsi idOk rS;s” bka wk;=rej wkque;sh msKsi wd.%dud;Hjrhd fj; bosrsm;a fldg .eigz m;%hg we;=<;a l< hq;=h'
  • (ii) fuu mkf;a uq,OrAu iy jsOsjsOdk ls%hd;aul lsrSfuz ldrAh ioZyd w.%dud;Hjrhd jsiska ksfhda. idokq ,ensh yelsh'
    • *udOH wdpdr OrAu iy fr.=,dis mk; YS% ,xldj ;=< w;HdjYH jk kS;shla fjz' Oj, m;%sldj jrA;udkfha jevsoshqKq fjuska mj;S'
    fuu mk;g isx.mamqrefjz .=jka jsoq,s jsldYk mk;' ^2012&" mqj;am;a iy uqo%KKd, mk;' ^2002&” iamEuz md,k mk; ^2008& iy isx.mamqrefjz udOH ixjrAOk wOsldrs mk; u.ska wdorAYh imhkq ,efnz'